Comapre IPV4 and IPV6

IPV4


  • Source and destination addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length.
  • Over 109; possible addresses
  • IPSec support is optional.
  • Represented by dotted decimal notation
  • Packet Header is of variable size this is time consuming to handle
  • No identification of packet flow for QoS handling by routers is present within the IPv4
    header.
  • Fragmentation is performed by the sending host and at routers, slowing router performance.
  • Has no link-layer packet size requirements and must be able to reassemble a 576-byte packet.
  • Header includes a checksum.
  • Header includes options.
  • ARP uses broadcast ARP Request frames to resolve an IPv4 address to a link-layer address
  • Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to manage local subnet group membership.
  • ICMP Router Discovery is used to determine the IPv4 address of the best default gateway and is optional.
  • Broadcast addresses are used to send traffic to all nodes on a subnet.
  • Must be configured either manually or through DHCP for IPv4.
  • Uses host address (A) resource records in the Domain Name System (DNS) to map host names to IPv4 addresses.
  • Uses pointer (PTR) resource records in the IN-ADDR.ARPA DNS domain to map IPv4 addresses to host names.

IPV6

  • Source and destination addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length.
  • Over 1038; possible addresses
  • IPSec support is required.
  • Represented by hexadecimal with colons and shortcuts (abbreviations); IPv4 addresses a special case
  • Packet Header is of fixed size (40 Octets) this is more efficient
  • Packet flow identification for QoS handling by routers is present within the IPv6 header using the Flow Label field.
  • Fragmentation is performed only by the sending host.
  • Link layer must support a 1,280-byte packet and must be able to reassemble a 1,500-byte packet.
  • Header does not include a checksum.
  • All optional data is moved to IPv6 extension headers.
  • ARP Request frames are replaced with multicast Neighbor Solicitation messages.
  • IGMP is replaced with Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) messages.
  • ICMPv4 Router Discovery is replaced with ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages and is required.

There are no IPv6 broadcast addresses. Instead, a link-local scope all-nodes multicast address is used. Does not require manual configuration or DHCP for IPv6. Uses AAAA records in the DNS to map host names to IPv6 addresses. Uses pointer (PTR) resource records in the IP6.INT DNS
domains to map IPv6 addresses to host names.