Network Topologies:

The way of cabling or physical layout is called topology or the architecture of a network is called
topology For example Bus, Star, Ring, and Mesh Topologies.

Bus Topology:

Components of Bus Topology:

1. Co-axial cable (back bone cable)

2. T- connectors

3. BNC (British Network Connector)

4. Terminator

5. Patch cable

Disadvantages of Bus:

If anything goes wrong with backbone cable whole network is down. Follows a serial communication. Outdated these days.

Star Topology:

Star topology is an advanced version over bus topology. Where it uses either a hub or a switch, it uses cat5/6 cables. It uses connecters called (Recommend Jack) - RJ45.Star topology offers faster data transfer or processing.

Ring Topology:

Ring topology is useful when we want redundancy (fault tolerance) we go with this type of topology. Ring topology uses a device called MSAU. (Multi Station Access Unit) It is a unit inside which a logical ring is formed. This ring ensures the availability of Network.
The availability of ring ensures availability of network.
It was basically implemented in IBM networks.